66 MONITORING TIMES December 2010
W
ehaverecentlywitnessedtherelease
ofseveralcomputer-hostedreceivers
from a number of manufacturers,
including WiNRADiO®, Icom, and Perseus.
Whilemanyotherreceivershavefull-function
panel hardware as well as computer control
capability,the“blackboxes”arenon-functional
withoutacomputer.
Manytraditionalists(andthatincludesme)
respondedskepticallyatfirst,suspectingthatthe
verypresenceoftherequiredcomputerwould
meanradiofrequencyinterference(RFI)from
thehostcomputer’soscillators.
Whilethatwasatfirsttrue,especiallyif
theantennawasco-locatedwiththecomputer,
better-shielded receivers and computers have
improvedthat– but still, it’sbestto keep the
antennaatadistance!
Therearetwoarchitecturalapproachesto
receiver design: analog and digitized.Analog
receiversutilizetraditionaldouble-andtriple-
conversion(superheterodyne)techniqueswhich
preservetheoriginalsignalwaveforms.
Softwaredefinedreceiver(SDRs),onthe
otherhand,digitizethespectrumbandwidthand
computer-processthedesiredsignalfordetection
anddemodulation.
Thereisanongoingdebateamongmanu-
facturersastojusthowmuchofthereceiver’s
spectral bandwidth must be software defined
beforetheproductcanlegitimatelybecalleda
softwaredefinedreceiver.Somemanufacturers
digitizetheentireRFbandwidth,whileothers
digitizeonlytheIFandlowerfrequencystages.
❖
The Newest Release
IntheSeptember2010issuewereviewed
theAR5001D,AOR’spredecessortotheirnew
AR2300.The5001Disastand-alonereceiver,
whilethenew2300isacomputer-hosted,black-
boxversionofthesamereceiver.
Itemploysdigitizationatthethirdinterme-
diatefrequency(45MHz)forsignalprocessing
ofbandwidth,spectrumdisplay,anddemodula-
tion, and it utilizes direct digital sampling of
thefirst25MHzorRFspectrumaswell.The
oscillatorutilizesdirectdigitalsynthesis(DDS).
Dual watch (simultaneous reception on
twofrequencies)andeventriplewatchcanbe
accommodatedwithincertainfrequencylimits.
The 2300 will talk to any PC running
Windows XP operating system or higher (I
usedtheWindowsVista operating system for
this review), and can be controlled remotely
throughanoptionalLANaccessory.Thedefault
communicationspeedis115,200bps,butalter-
AOR AR2300 Black Box Receiver
By Bob Grove, W8JHD
native choices include 9,600, 19,200, 38,400,
and57,600bps.
❖
The Box
Measuring8-1/2”Wx2-3/4”Hx11-1/4”D
andweighingahusky6.6pounds,the2300is
roughlythesizeofasmalldesktopreceiver.But
sinceithasnoadjustablecontrols,itisloaded
withaccessportsforthehostcomputer.
Thefrontpaneloffersarocker-stylepower
switch,anLED pilot lamp, areceptaclefora
SecureDigital(SD)memorycard,a1/4”head-
phonejack,anRCAvideooutputconnector,and
evenaninternalspeaker–anicetouchinwhich
thesystemdoesnotrequirethecomputer’saudio
cardoranexternalmultimediaspeakersystem.
TheLEDdoublesasaboot-upindicator;
whenthepowerswitchisfirstthrown,theLED
colorisamber,butwithinroughlytwoseconds,
itturnsgreenindicatingthe“go”status.Loading
thecontrolpanelthentakesanadditionalfour
secondsafteryouclickthemouseonthaticon.
Therearpanelisclusteredwithconnectors:
TwoN-styleantennaconnectors(40kHz-3.15
GHz and 25 MHz-3.15 GHz, selectable), 45
MHzBNCIntermediateFrequency(IF)output
(15MHzbandwidth),10MHzSMAreference
oscillatorinput,3.5mmspeakeroutput(2watts
at8ohms),12-13.8VDCat1.2Acoaxialpower
jack,USB2.0interfaceport,3.5mmstereoline
output,digitalI/Q(optional),USB connector,
LANinterfaceDB-styleconnector,andan8-pin
accessoryconnectorforexternalaudio,GPS,and
voltageoptions.
Accessoriespackedwiththe2300include
the120VAC/12VDCpowersupply,USBin-
terfacecable,owner’smanual,driverCD,and
aquick-lookupsoftwareguidesheet.
❖
Functional Overview
The 2300 features a continuous 40 kHz
to3150MHz(3.15GHz)frequencycoverage
(800MHzcellularfrequenciesareblockedon
theconsumer version)withAM, synchronous
AM,FM,WFM,stereoFM, CW,USB,LSB,
andISBmodedetection.
Availableoptionsincludein-phase/quadra-
ture(I/Q)(1MHzBW,25-3150MHzreception
only),APCOP25 digital decoding, and voice
inversiondecoding.Thevoiceinversiondecod-
ingoptionisavailabletogovernment/military
clientsonly.
IFbandwidthsfrom200Hzto300kHzare
modedependent,andtheunitIFshiftfunction
allowsasignaltobe removed from adjacent-
channelinterference.Automaticnotchfiltering
as well as noise reduction and noise blanker
c
ircuitryfurtherreducesinterference.
Tocompensateforstrong-signaloverload,
or weak signal strengths, both a two-step at-
tenuator(-10/-20dB)andapreamplifiermay
beinvoked.
Frequencyresolutionis1Hzwithapin-
point 1 ppm readout, which may be further
refinedto0.01ppmwithanoptionalGPSinput
signal. Frequencies may be stepped in any
whole-Hertzintervalfrom1Hzto999.999kHz.
Upto2,000frequenciesin40banksmaybe
storedandscannedat100channelspersecond.
Forrapidlysearchingswathsofspectrum,upto
1,200discretefrequenciesorstart/stopranges
maybepassed.
FourseparateVFOsareavailabletostore
14receiversettingsincludingfrequency,step,
memorychannel,bank,tone,antenna,attenua-
tor,andsevenotherselections.
ForVHF/UHFsignals,anoffsetfunction
permitstheusertoenterasecondfrequencyfor
toggling,suchasrepeaterinput/outputpairsor
two-frequencysimplex.
SquelchlevelscanbesetforCTCSS(sub-
audible tone) and DCS (digital) activation as
well as voice activation to avoid hanging on
open carriers. Squelch may be momentarily
disabled by pressing a MONI (monitor) key.
DTMFtonescanbedecodedanddisplayedas
numbers,letters,andsymbols.
SignalcontentsmayberecordedinWAV
fileformatontheSDcard;a1GHzcardcapac-
itycanstoreupto15hoursofaudio.
NTSCand PALvideo outputsare avail-
able from a rear-panel connector intended to
beconnectedtoanexternalvideomonitorfor
detectionofwirelesssurveillancecameras.The
IF direction can be reversed as required for
receptionofsomewirelesscameras.
❖ The 2300 Specs
SensitivityisexcellentinthecriticalVHF/
UHFspectrumfrom25-3150 MHz. It’s typi-
cally0.7microvoltsforNFMsignalsand0.3
microvoltsforSSB.Iwasabletohearfringe
UHFsignalsveryclearly.
Equally important, the dynamic range
keeps the products of overload interference
toaminimum.Third-orderintermodulationis
factoryspecifiedatarespectable+20dBmat
HF,+12dBmatVHF,and+7dBmatUHF.
Digital IF filtering offers a choice of
selectivity depending upon the mode chosen.
Nominalbandwidthsare200kHz,500kHz,1
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